Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the mobility and daily activities of those who have it. The disease is caused by the death of nerve cells in the brain, resulting in a decrease in dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate movement. As the disease progresses, physical symptoms such as tremor, slowness of movement, and difficulty with balance, walking, and speaking can occur.
Medications and Surgery
The most common treatments for Parkinson’s disease are medications and surgery. Medications can be used to replace dopamine or to help the body use the remaining dopamine more effectively. Surgery is sometimes used to implant electrodes in the brain to regulate the firing of nerve cells involved in movement.
Stem Cell Transplants
Recently, researchers have been exploring the use of stem cell transplants to treat Parkinson’s disease. Stem cells are immature cells that can develop into different types of cells, including nerve cells. In a stem cell transplant, stem cells are injected into the brain, where they can develop into dopamine-producing nerve cells, replacing those that have died.
Gene Therapy
Another new advance in treating Parkinson’s disease is the use of gene therapy. In gene therapy, a virus is used to deliver a genetic code to the brain. This code can be used to stimulate the production of proteins that can help protect dopamine-producing cells from damage.
Deep Brain Stimulation
Deep brain stimulation is a surgical procedure that involves placing electrodes in the brain to regulate the electrical activity of neurons. The procedure has been used to treat a variety of neurological conditions, including Parkinson’s disease. In Parkinson’s disease, deep brain stimulation can help reduce tremor and improve mobility.
Conclusion
Advances in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease have been made in recent years, and researchers are continuing to explore new and innovative therapies. While there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, these advances have made it possible for those with the disease to maintain a good quality of life.